JIT (just in time)
Definition #1. JIT is a technique for the organization of work flows to allow rapid, high quality, flexible production whilst minimizing manufacturing waste and stock levels.
Definition #2. JIT. An item should not be made or purchased until it is needed by the customer or as input to the production process.

Aspects of JIT:
1) JIT purchasing seeks to match as closely as possible the usage of raw materials in production with the delivery of materials from suppliers, stock is therefore kept at the near-zero level;
2) JIT production takes place there is actual customer demand for output, this means that work in progress and finished goods stock levels are at a minimum.

Characteristics of JIT (Martin Cocker): 1) the elimination of waste, 2) a move towards zero inventory, 3) an emphasis on perfect quality, 4) stable production rates, 5) increased people responsibility, 6) short set-ups, 7) moving towards a batch size of one, 8) prevention maintenance, 9) balanced capacity.

Job advertisement (details): 1. Rewards: 1.1 The salary or wage benefits, 1.2 Training; 2. The job: 2.1 Title, 2.2 Main duties and responsibility, 2.3 Special factors; 3. Career prospects, 4. Qualification and experience required/preferred, other aptitudes; 5. How to apply/address.

Job information requirements: 1) Concise, 2) Attractive, 3) Relevant.

Methods and media for advertising jobs: 1) In-house magazines and notice-boards, 2) Professional and specialist newspaper or magazines, 3) National newspapers, 4) Local radio, television and cinema. 5) Job centers, 6) School and university careers offices, 7) Internet, 8) Employment agencies (including private), recruitment consultants.

Job description is a broad statement of the purpose, scope, duties, tasks, objectives, standards and responsibilities of a job. Structure: 1) Title, 2) Location (department, place), 3) Assignment, 4) Main duties of the job, 5) Responsibilities, 6) Limits, 7) Tasks to be accomplished, 8) Qualification requirement, 9) Interactions, 10) Report to, 11) Equipment for which the job holder is responsible.

Job enlargement is attempt to widen jobs by increasing the number of operations in which a job holder is involved.

Job enrichment is planned, desirable action to build greater responsibility, breadth, and challenge of work into a job: (i) giving it greater activity, (ii) allowing the employee in the job greater freedom to decide how the job should be done, (iii) encouraging employees to participate in the planning decisions of their superiors, and (iv) ensuring that employee receives regular feedback on his performance.

Job management taking the manager is equipped for the job, and that the job itself conductive to effectiveness.

Job satisfaction (improving): 1) Increasing the variety of skills required, 2) Clarifying the identity and significance of the task, 3) Allow people to work independently and, 4) Giving positive feedback.

Herzberg points for job satisfaction.: 1) Job enrichment, 2) Job enlargement, 3) Job rotation.

Job specification
Definition #1. Job specification is a detailed statement of the physical and mental activities involved in a job and (where appropriate) a description of the environment in which work is undertaken.
Definition #2. Job specification a statement of the skills, knowledge, qualities etc. required to do a job.

Joint ownership See Market entry methods.

Joint venture see Market entry methods.

Just noticeable difference the phenomenon of the differential threshold - the level of stimulus which is perceived as being changed.